Ancient Civilizations

The frescoes in Pompeii's House of Thiasus

See the Stunning Frescoes of a Mysterious Dionysian Cult Discovered in Ancient Pompeii

Created more than a century before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 C.E., the wall paintings provide rare insights into secret rituals conducted in the Roman city

Archaeologists recently excavated an area of the Great Wall known as the Qi wall in China's Shandong Province.

The Great Wall of China Might Be Older Than We Thought

New research suggests that some sections of the wall were constructed during the Western Zhou dynasty between 1046 and 771 B.C.E.

The suitcase was likely made in the 1920s.

Suitcase Belonging to the Legendary Archaeologist Who Discovered King Tut's Tomb Surfaces in England

Howard Carter used the luggage while working in Egypt before giving it to a fellow researcher in 1939. Now, it's heading to the auction block

Items like this bronze griffin head were often used to adorn ceremonial cauldrons in ancient Greek sanctuaries.

The Met Returns Stolen Seventh-Century B.C.E. Bronze Griffin Head to Greece

At a ceremony this week, Greece's culture minister officially accepted the artifact, which was likely stolen from a museum in Olympia in the 1930s

The double-edged sword was deliberately broken into three pieces.

Metal Detectorists Stumble Upon a Rare 2,000-Year-Old Roman Sword in Poland

Researchers think the weapon, which had been deliberately broken and burned, was once part of a funerary ritual for a local warrior

Pottery shards helped researchers identify the tomb as Thutmose II's.

Archaeologists Say They've Discovered the First Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh's Tomb Since Tutankhamun's in 1922

Researchers initially thought the tomb belonged to a royal wife. Then they unearthed fragments of alabaster jars that identified it as Thutmose II's

The bronze gadget helped filter out large grains and pulp.

This 1,600-Year-Old Filter Helped Ancient Drinkers Sip Beverages Through a Straw

Archaeologists discovered an unusual bronze artifact studded with holes while excavating the ancient city of Hadrianopolis in Türkiye

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Five Unusual Ways People Used Lead—and Suffered For It

Cultures throughout history have put lead to use for wacky and often deeply poisonous purposes

The scientists recorded dozens of scents, which they broke down into four categories, including embalming ingredients and odors from plant oils used by modern museum conservators.

Discover the Aromas of Ancient Egyptian Mummies, From Orange Peels to Pine to Incense

A new, first-of-its-kind analysis of the scents of nine mummies detected woody, spicy, herbal and rancid notes, among other odors

The 13 adults discovered at the site appear to have be positioned in a similar way: seated, with their backs resting against the eastern wall of a pit.

Why Were All of These Bodies Buried Sitting Upright and Facing West More Than 2,000 Years Ago?

Archaeologists are still unraveling the mysteries of an unusual burial site in Dijon, France, which dates to between 450 and 25 B.C.E.

A selection of artifacts unearthed at the Hezingen site

Elite Germanic Pagans Buried 'Devil's Money' as Offerings for Their Gods at This Ancient Cult Site

Researchers excavated the deposits of coins and jewelry in the Netherlands, near the German border

The 3,000-year-old clay relic at the heart of the British contest recorded the military victories of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I.

The Mystery of the World's Oldest Writing System Remained Unsolved Until Four Competitive Scholars Raced to Decipher It

In the 1850s, cuneiform was just a series of baffling scratches on clay, waiting to spill the secrets of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia

The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is a major tourist attraction.

Experts Are Alarmed by a Video of Workers Hammering Away at Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza

Some citizens and archaeologists are concerned about what they see as widespread "mismanagement" of Egypt's rich cultural heritage

Researchers just revealed previously hidden text from a 2,000-year-old scroll called PHerc. 172, which is housed at the University of Oxford’s Bodleian Libraries.

Using A.I., Researchers Peer Inside a 2,000-Year-Old Scroll Charred by Mount Vesuvius' Eruption

For the past two years, citizen scientists and scholars have been working to reveal the previously hidden texts of the Herculaneum scrolls

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Why Auroras Are Suddenly Everywhere All at Once

Auroras have long mystified humanity. Now that we know what they are and why they happen, we can better predict how best to experience them

The hunk weighs a whopping five pounds and measures more than six inches long.

A Five-Pound Hunk of the World's Oldest Known Synthesized Pigment Was Found in Nero's Palace

The discovery might illuminate the link between the blue pigment's ancient Egyptian roots and its rediscovery by Renaissance artists centuries later

The papyrus dates back to between 129 and 132 C.E.

Researchers Have Deciphered a Nearly 2,000-Year-Old True Crime Papyrus

The Greek document details a court case in ancient Palestine involving tax fraud and provides insight into trial preparations in the Roman Empire

The 404 coins discovered in a muddy field near Bunnik, a village in the Netherlands, in 2023 and 2024

Two Metal Detectorists in the Netherlands Stumbled Onto Hundreds of Looted Coins From the Roman Conquest of Britain

The 404 coins, including 44 from Britain, are believed to be a mix of military pay and the spoils of war, stashed by a Roman soldier after he returned to the European continent

Seals with the signs and symbols of the Indus Valley civilization are waiting to be deciphered.

Officials Are Offering $1 Million to Anyone Who Can Decode This Ancient Script

The enigmatic Indus Valley civilization left behind a script that today's historians haven't yet deciphered. While amateur theories abound, scholars are increasingly relying on computer science to crack the code

The coins are marked with the faces of nine Roman emperors.

Archaeologists Discover 141 Ancient Gold Coins Depicting Nine Roman Emperors in Luxembourg

Three of the coins are particularly rare: They portray Eugenius, an illegitimate emperor who reigned for just two years in the late fourth century C.E.

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